brain hemorrhage recovery
What is cerebral or intracranial hemorrhage?
How do cerebral hemorrhages improve?
What do you know about the recovery period after cerebral hemorrhage? If you want to know about recovery after internal cranial hemorrhage, we recommend that you read on.
Introduction
Cerebral hemorrhage and recovery intracranial hemorrhage is a very serious and life-threatening event. In case of recovery, it can cause disabilities for the affected people. To save the complications of cerebral hemorrhage, timely care is extremely important. Like all organs, brain tissue, like other tissues in the body, has arteries and veins that are responsible for exchanging oxygen with brain cells. If these arteries are damaged or ruptured or blocked, there is a serious risk to the life of the tissue adjacent to the damaged arteries.
Weakening and abnormal structure of the blood vessel walls of the brain tissue, injuries or trauma to the skull can cause rupture of blood vessels and bleeding. Ruptures and injuries to the walls of the cranial arteries can cause bleeding inside the brain tissue or between the brain tissue and the skull bone. So when we talk about intracranial hemorrhage, we mean two different categories that can cause similar and almost overlapping symptoms. Symptoms are similar to a stroke. Types of intracranial hemorrhage include hemorrhagic intracerebral hemorrhage or hemorrhagic stroke, the second category is bleeding between the brain tissue and the skull bone, which has different names depending on the part that is created, For example, subarachnoid hemorrhage or epidural hemorrhage or subdural hemorrhage.
Less than thirteen percent of all strokes occur due to bleeding inside the brain tissue. The symptoms of bleeding in the brain and stroke are very similar. In the following, we want to know a little more about cerebral hemorrhage and explain more about the recovery of cerebral hemorrhage.
Why do cerebral hemorrhages occur?
What causes cerebral hemorrhage? In this section, we want to say what causes a person to experience cerebral hemorrhage.
The most common cause of cerebral hemorrhage is trauma to the head and neck. Other causes that can be mentioned include ruptured aneurysms of the arteries inside the brain or abnormal vascular ruptures or brain tumors.
We first need to talk about spontaneous cerebral hemorrhages that a person experiences without a history of trauma to the skull or a vascular disorder or arterial aneurysm.
Spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage
Bleeding refers to a group of cerebral hemorrhages that are generally more common in people over the age of 50, that the most common cause of spontaneous bleeding is uncontrolled hypertension.
These are patients who have high blood pressure but have not taken steps to receive treatment and control of high blood pressure, so these people, in addition to having cardiovascular problems, are at risk for many other parts of the body.
One of these organs that plays a vital role in our lives is the brain. Inside our brain tissue are the vessels that are responsible for supplying blood and oxygen to cells in different parts of the brain tissue, and when a person has high blood pressure for a long time, the arteries of the brain It will not withstand excessive pressure, so the strength and integrity of the vessel wall will gradually be lost.
The weakened wall ruptures and bleeding occurs; So we can say that the above process will occur quite suddenly and spontaneously. Unfortunately cerebral hemorrhage, in most people occurs in deep and very sensitive areas of brain tissue and leaves significant and sometimes irreversible complications.
Let's look at other factors that predispose to spontaneous bleeding in the brain, which is less important, but can certainly cause spontaneous bleeding. Among these factors, we mention the following:
- Increasing the age of people over 70 is associated with greater vascular vulnerability and the use of anticoagulants
- Failures of all liver ducts
- Addiction to stimulant drugs
- Addiction to psychotropic drugs
Alcohol consumption
Keep in mind that a person who consumes alcohol may have the slightest weakness, injury, or trauma that can cause blood vessels to rupture because the body has lost its coagulation power due to anticoagulants.
Psychotropic drugs
By affecting the walls of the arteries and damaging the walls of the arteries, as well as by increasing their blood pressure and causing liver and kidney failure, they can impair the function of blood coagulation elements and increase the risk of bleeding for several reasons mentioned above.
What are the symptoms of a person with cerebral hemorrhage?
What are the symptoms of clinical manifestations?
Sudden and severe headaches are one of the symptoms that the patient often notices at the beginning of the cerebral hemorrhage; this is when the weakened and damaged wall actually ruptures and bleeding occurs. Then there is the sudden, severe general headache of nausea and vomiting, when the bleeding continues and passes over time and the symptoms of other manifestations gradually appear.
The type of symptom that appears is completely dependent on the location of the bleeding and the intensity and extent of the bleeding. Among the possible manifestations, the following can be mentioned:
Weakness in the hands Paralysis of the hands Weakness in the legs Paralysis of the legs Paralysis of the legs and weakness of one half of the body Occurrence of seizures in a person who has no history of seizures impaired speech disorders Decreased level of consciousness. So we emphasize that if you or someone else has experienced a severe headache or whenever you have any of the above symptoms, be sure to call the emergency room immediately.
What should we do when a person is out of the hospital or at home with symptoms of suspected cerebral hemorrhage?
If a person suffers from a sudden severe headache and the patient is awake, call the emergency room at the earliest opportunity or be taken to a medical center and emergency room by others; if a seizure occurs, the most important thing is to stay calm and do not be afraid of ask someone else to report the emergency.
At this distance, try to turn the person who has a seizure to the left side to reduce the entry of oral secretions into the throat and obstruction of the airway. Rotating a person who has a seizure helps the side to get the discharge out of the mouth.
Remove glasses and, if there are dentures, from the patient; also, be careful that objects around the person who have seizures, do not damage the person's head and limbs.
The important point is that if you are having a seizure with a person who has a seizure and his limbs are moving with a lot of force, do not block the movement of the limbs by putting pressure on them, know that this blocking is useless and even harmful.
If you come across a person who has one or more of the symptoms of a person suspected of having cerebral hemorrhage or a sudden severe headache, do not give him any food, water or medicine because it may cause problems in the person. You should not give anything to a person who has a seizure, because it is very likely that the eaten substance will enter the airways and cause the patient to suffocate. Another person should call the emergency room at the same time.
We reiterate that you should be fully acquainted with the symptoms presented, and in case of any of them, do not miss the golden time to transfer the patient to a medical center or emergency room.
Diagnosis
When a patient suspected of having a cerebral hemorrhage is rushed to a hospital, the first examination that should be performed immediately is to perform a contrast-free CT scan of the brain after stabilizing the vital signs and initial steps. The procedure is very fast and detects about 95% of cases of cerebral hemorrhage.
If a CT scan confirms the diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage, treatment is started. If the CT scan is not diagnostic, other tests, such as MRI of the brain and other highly specialized scans, are recommended by the medical team to look for possible causes of the patient's symptoms.
Treatment
We first talk about non-surgical treatments and cerebral hemorrhages:
If the volume of bleeding is not large, surgery to drain it is usually useless and therefore not selected; for patients, what will help is blood pressure control, blood sugar control, rapid transfer to an equipped ICU, and the administration of drugs to prevent seizures, as well as drugs to prevent clots in the veins of the legs and re-control.
Radiology will be used to control and monitor the volume of bleeding as well as support measures for the patient according to his general health condition.
When the patient is going through this phase, various complications, which are usually due to the patient's long-term hospitalization in multiple sclerosis, are associated with secondary diseases.
Pulmonary infections, leg clots, pulmonary embolism, renal failure, liver failure
Unfortunately, the occurrence of any of the above makes the process of treatment and recovery after cerebral hemorrhage more difficult.
It should be noted that the occurrence of one or more of the above complications can lead to treatment failure. In conclusion, patients with low cerebral hemorrhage and alertness and good general health are very likely to have a recovery period Cerebral hemorrhage can pass easily and with less complications.
A person who has little bleeding and is alert and has no underlying diseases and has controlled blood pressure and blood sugar will recover faster than other people who do not have these characteristics and will have fewer complications after recovery. These people suffer less complications and are hospitalized in the ICU for a long time. And if they suffer from these complications, they can get rid of it.
Now let's see what is the condition of another group of patients who have a high volume of bleeding and have lost consciousness. In these patients, surgery is useless.
Because when surgery is performed to drain the massive bleeding of these people, due to the fact that these people have suffered severe brain damage and in addition their arteries are weak and abnormal and they are more sensitive to trauma, surgery may aggravate the injury and add other complications to the patient.
Then:
- In elderly people with high bleeding volume
- Low consciousness
- Numerous uncontrolled underlying diseases
Surgery is not only ineffective, it will be completely ineffective and even harmful.
The above conditions can not be evacuated for people with bleeding in the brainstem and other sensitive and vital areas of the brain according to current science and technology , and Therefore, in these people, it is very unlikely that the accumulated blood can be drained without tissue damage with modern technology.
Who are the candidates for surgery?
People with cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral hemorrhage are spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage and have a significant volume of bleeding, and on the other hand their level of consciousness and clinical condition and general health require that the surgeon recommend surgery to not aggravate brain damage.
If a person has cerebral hemorrhage, the physician should consider the extent of the hemorrhage, taking into account the patient's general health and conditions, and the underlying disease, and assessing the proportion so that the patient's injury does not increase through surgery and it will also recommend surgery to rule out the progression of brain damage by surgery.
During surgery, the part of the skull that is closest to the lesion will be opened, and with minimal damage, it will drain the amount of bleeding that is causing the pressure on the adjacent brain tissue. There are other methods and techniques for draining the brain tissue. It may not be available at many equipment centers, such as endoscopic endotracheal drainage or stereotaxic.
Discharge
We must say that with any technology that drains blood from the skull, it is very important for people to preserve the normal brain tissue that is adjacent to the bleeding site during surgery and can endanger or save the patient's life and brain activity.
A group of patients who did not have a large amount of cerebral hemorrhage and did not need to drain the intracranial hemorrhage, and the location of the small hemorrhage is a place that obstructs the flow of cerebrospinal fluid and causes hydrocephalus. In these people, the treatment conditions are different.
For people, shunting is probably done. This means that the narrow tubes are inserted into the parts of the brain tissue where the cerebral ventricles are located and are responsible for the production and secretion of cerebrospinal fluid, which either temporarily or permanently drains the extra fluid out of the pelvis. For example, shunts can drain fluid into the abdomen and other spaces in the body.
What are the complications that people face after cerebral hemorrhage?
In spontaneous cerebral hemorrhages, the most common and important cause of death in patients is their disability after recovery from cerebral hemorrhage.
It should be noted that most cases of a person suffering from spontaneous bleeding of brain tissue, and this bleeding occurred in the deep areas, is an important cause in the development of long-term and lasting complications in the person, complications such as: Weakness, numbness and paralysis of the limbs, speech disorders, vision problems and seizures, and cognitive and alertness disorders may also return to partial recovery with surgical or non-surgical treatments during the recovery period after cerebral hemorrhage. The symptoms may only get better to some extent or they may not improve at all.
What are the predictors of patient recovery after cerebral hemorrhage?
There are important factors in predicting how much better a patient with cerebral hemorrhage will be. For example, the following can be mentioned:
Patient age and general health of the patient or co-morbidities at the site of the hemorrhage Extent of intracerebral hemorrhage the patient's level of consciousness when the person was transported to the hospital as soon as the hemorrhage occurred until the time from the onset of the hemorrhage to the start of treatment.
The important point in recovery after cerebral hemorrhage is the appearance of positive symptoms in the affected person in the first weeks, which can be a good sign of continuing the process of recovery and better results in more pleasant end results.
What are the other problems after recovery from cerebral hemorrhage?
In addition to the above complications, which we have enumerated and briefly described, we must say that these are just some of the problems that people experience during recovery after cerebral hemorrhage.
A number of people suffer from many side effects during hospitalization and after discharge during the recovery period outside the hospital, which can sometimes take the patient's life and can cause very serious, permanent and long-term problems.
Among the problems of people in the recovery period of cerebral hemorrhage are the following:
Lung infections or ventilator-associated pneumonia are very common in patients with ICU patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and especially in those with underlying respiratory problems or difficulty conscious or connected to a ventilator and is needed to treat a variety of antibiotics and other medications.
Another complication is that many people may remain immobile in bed for a long time after a cerebral hemorrhage. This immobility increases the risk of clots forming in the deep veins of the leg and moving excised pieces of the clot toward the lungs and pulmonary embolism. This complication is very important and for its treatment, injectable and oral anticoagulants must be required for a long time in the recovery period after surgery.
Taking anticoagulants can increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage and it should also be noted that when the patient is hospitalized in the ICU for a long time and takes various drugs, especially if he is old or has a background disorder, he can suffer from the side effects of these drugs.
Also, people with kidney or liver failure may have difficulty excreting drugs used in the ICU. In these patients, the risk of drug side effects is very high.
Regarding surgery and its complications, we must say that cerebral hemorrhage surgery, like all surgical procedures, has complications.
• Infection
• Continued bleeding
• Seizures
These are complications that are very common and sometimes fatal, especially in people with low levels of consciousness, uncontrolled underlying diseases such as diabetes and controlled blood pressure, and old age.
Recovery and cerebral hemorrhage in children
Spontaneous cerebral palsy is rare in children because, as we have said, the most common cause of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage is high blood pressure, which causes weakness and chronic damage to the walls of the arteries, so it is very rare in children to have these complications. Initial examinations and treatment are similar to those for adults, but in children, more careful examination is usually needed.
The cause of cerebral hemorrhage must be discovered and treated; if not diagnosed and treated, we must wait for the risk of recurrence of subsequent bleeding, which will sometimes be very large in the child. Repetition may aggravate complications and even threaten the child's life.
Recovery after cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral rehabilitation
Let us briefly mention that many of the complications that may persist for a long time in people after stroke and cerebral hemorrhage; For example, cognitive disorders, movement disorders, sensory disorders may cause major problems for survival, in other words, disabilities after cerebral hemorrhage and stroke can disrupt people's lives.
Many people after hemorrhagic strokes and hemorrhages of brain tissue and strokes may need others forever to do many of their activities. Sometimes people may be deprived of the opportunity to continue working and being in the community. These people used to say that there is no hope for improving your life, but today we realized that the brain has a special feature called adaptation, which is adapted during standard brain rehabilitation sessions.
It corrects a high percentage of mild to moderate disabilities in these people and the person can live a better life. Brain abilities are highly regarded today and include a variety of parts that affect the cognitive parts of sensory-motor learning and so on.